India now ranks third in carbon emissions, aims to achieve net zero by 2070
Climate change is a global concern today. One of the main reasons for this is excess carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. India is now ranked after China and the US in the list of countries emitting the most CO₂ in the world. In this situation, awareness and action by each country to curb carbon emissions is very important.

According to 2023 data, China is the world’s largest CO₂ emitter, accounting for 30% of global emissions (12,400 MtCO₂/yr). The main reason for China’s huge emissions is its dependence on coal. However, China is investing in solar and wind power and has set a goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060.

The US is in second place, with emissions of 5,100 MtCO₂ (14%). The US is moving towards the use of natural gas and renewable energy. However, political changes may hinder this effort. The main source of emissions is mainly oil and gas.

India is currently the world’s third-largest CO₂ emitter (3,400 MtCO₂), with 70% of its energy coming from coal. India is also aiming to reach net zero by 2070 and is increasing investment in renewable energy. Oil accounts for 25% of India’s energy mix.

Other major emitters include Russia (5%) and Japan (3%). Russia is a major exporter of natural gas, but lags behind in renewable energy. Japan is investing in nuclear power and hydrogen technology to reduce emissions.

The world is moving towards solar, wind and hydroelectric power as solutions. Many countries are introducing carbon taxes, subsidies for electric vehicles and installing energy-efficient buildings and industries. Europe has already introduced carbon pricing, and in Norway 90% of cars are now electric.

In addition to carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases include methane (CH₄), which comes from agriculture and livestock; nitrous oxide (N₂O), which is emitted from fertilizers and industry; and HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, which are used in refrigeration and industry. These gases are also major causes of global warming.

These excess emissions are causing floods, droughts, cyclones, melting glaciers and rising sea levels. Alarm bells have been sounded in coastal countries like Bangladesh and the Maldives. Without proper action, biodiversity loss and disaster in human settlements will become inevitable.